URINALYSIS_normal value

URINALISIS – NILAI NORMAL
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
i. ALBUMIN - NEGATIVE
ii. APPEARANCE - CLEAR
iii. BILIRUBIN - NEGATIVE
iv. COLOUR - COLOURLESS – DEEP YELLOW
v. GLUCOSE - NEGATIVE
vi. KETONES - NEGATIVE
vii. OCCULT BLOOD - NEGATIVE
viii. PH - 4.5 – 8.0
ix. ODOUR - FAIN
x. PROTEIN - NEGATIVE
xi. SPECIFIC GRAVITI - 1.003 – 1.030

MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
i. CASTS
 RBC - glomerulonephritis, vasculitis
 WBC - interstitial nephritis, pyelonephritis
 EPITHELIAL CELL – ac. tubular nephritis, glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis
 FATTY - proteinuria
ii. CELLS
 RBC - < 3 cells/HPF - UTI / inflammation
 WBC - < 4 cells/HPF - UTI / inflammation
 EPITHELIAL CELLS - < 10 cells/HPF - contaminants
iii. CRYSTALS - small amounts
 Uric acid
 Calcium phosphate
 Calcium oxalate
 Cystine
 Sulfur
iv. BACTERIA - NONE @ < 1000/ml
v. PARASITES - NONE

URINE COLOUR POSSIBLE CAUSES
1. Black Ferrous sulphate, melanin, urobilin, methemoglobin
2. Blue Methylene blue, nitro furans, certain diuretics
3. Brown Acid hematin, bile pigment, metronidazole, myoglobin
4. Dark Yellow (amber) Bilirubin, chloropromazine, food (carrots), riboflavin, urinobilinogen
5. Green Bacterial infection, biliveerdin, vit.
6. Light Diuresis – alcohol / diuretics
7. Orange Bile pigments, rifampin
8. Red Hemoglobin, porphyrius, rifampin